A Study of Doppler ultrasound indices of spiral placental and umbilical arteries in pregnant women with singlet on Pregnancy suffering type -1 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and normal pregnant women

Background: Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive method to investigate the nature of blood flow in an unborn baby (fetus) to check the health of the fetus. In pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes blood flow varies in the embryonic and fetal placental arteries due to pathological changes caused by the disease. Methods and material: Doppler ultrasound indices includes: resistive Index, pulsatility Index, systolic/diastolic ratio.Sixteen (16) pregnant women diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes, but with controlled blood sugar levels and without complications of vasculopathy, forty two (42) pregnant women with gestational diabetes undergoing dietary control as two experimental groups and sixty seven (67) healthy pregnant women as the control group were included in this study. The data was analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results: The average value of Doppler ultrasound indices of placental spiral arteries and mean value of Doppler ultrasound indices of fetal umbilical artery at the point of segregation from placenta and the free loop among the three groups were statistically not significant. Doppler ultrasound indices of pregnant women suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes but with no vasculopathy, showed no significant difference with the indices obtained in healthy, non-diabetic pregnant women. Conclusion: We conclude that pathological changes in placental vessels depend on the severity of illness and way of glycemic control. In condition wherein gestational diabetes is well controlled especially in the absence of vasculopathy, pathological changes of fetal and placental vascular compartments fail to cause blood flow changes.